• Ke Eng?Mandelic acid?
Mandelic acid ke alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) e tsoang ho lialmonde tse babang. E sebelisoa haholo lihlahisoa tsa skincare bakeng sa thepa ea eona ea exfoliating, antibacterial le anti-aging.
• Thepa ea 'Mele le ea Lik'hemik'hale ea Mandelic Acid
1. Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale
Lebitso la lik'hemik'hale: Mandelic Acid
Foromo ea molek'hule: C8H8O3
Boima ba 'mele: 152.15 g / mol
Sebopeho: Mandelic acid e na le reng ea benzene e nang le sehlopha sa hydroxyl (-OH) le sehlopha sa carboxyl (-COOH) se kopantsoeng le athomo ea carbon e tšoanang. Lebitso la eona la IUPAC ke 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid.
2. Thepa ea 'Mele
Ponahalo: Phofo e tšoeu ea kristale
Monko: Monko o sa nkheng kapa o itseng hanyenyane
Sebaka se qhibilihang: Hoo e ka bang 119-121°C (246-250°F)
Boiling Point: E bola pele e belisoa
Sollubility:
Metsi: A qhibiliha ka metsing
Joala: Bo qhibiliha joala
Ether: E qhibiliha hanyane ka har'a ether
Boima: Hoo e ka bang 1.30 g/cm³
3.Lithepa tsa Lik'hemik'hale
Acidity (pKa): The pKa ea mandelic acid e batla e le 3.41, e bontšang hore ke acid e fokolang.
Botsitso: Mandelic acid e batla e tsitsitse tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng empa e ka senyeha ha e le mocheso o phahameng kapa li-oxidizing agents tse matla.
Reactivity:
Oxidation: E ka tšeloa oxidized ho benzaldehyde le formic acid.
Phokotso: E ka fokotsoa ho joala ba mandelic.
4. Thepa ea Spectral
UV-Vis Absorption: Mandelic acid ha e na ho monya ha UV-Vis ea bohlokoa ka lebaka la khaello ea li-conjugated bond tse peli.
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Lihlopha tsa ho monya tsa sebopeho li kenyelletsa:
OH Ho otlolla: Hoo e ka bang 3200-3600 cm⁻¹
C=O Ho otlolla: Hoo e ka bang 1700 cm⁻¹
CO Otlolla: Hoo e ka bang 1100-1300 cm⁻¹
NMR Spectroscopy:
¹H NMR: E hlahisa matšoao a tsamaisanang le li-proton tse nkhang hamonate le lihlopha tsa hydroxyl le carboxyl.
¹³C NMR: E hlahisa matšoao a tsamaisanang le liathomo tsa carbon tse ka har'a selikalikoe sa benzene, carboxyl carbon, le hydroxyl-bearing carbon.
5. Thermal Properties
Melting Point: Joalokaha ho boletsoe, asiti ea mandelic e qhibiliha hoo e ka bang 119-121°C.
Ho bola: Mandelic acid e senyeha pele e belisoa, ho bontša hore e lokela ho tšoaroa ka hloko ka mocheso o phahameng.
• Melemo eaMandelic acid?
1. Ho Hlatsoa ka Bonolo
◊ E Tlosa Lisele Tsa Letlalo le Shoeleng: Asiti ea Mandelic e thusa ho ntša letlalo ka bonolo ka ho theola maqhama pakeng tsa lisele tsa letlalo tse shoeleng, ho khothaletsa ho tlosoa ha tsona le ho senola letlalo le lecha, le boreleli ka tlase.
◊ E Loketse Sensitive Letlalo: Ka lebaka la boholo ba eona bo boholo ba limolek'hule ha bo bapisoa le li-AHA tse ling joalo ka glycolic acid, asiti ea mandelic e kenella ka har'a letlalo butle, e etsa hore e se ke ea teneha ebile e loketse mefuta ea letlalo e bobebe.
2. Lintho tse Khahlanong le Botsofali
◊ E Fokotsa Mela e Metle le Makhopho: Tšebeliso ea kamehla ea asiti ea mandelic e ka thusa ho fokotsa ponahalo ea mela e metle le makhopho ka ho khothaletsa tlhahiso ea collagen le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa letlalo.
◊ E Ntlafatsa Matla a Letlalo: Asiti ea Mandelic e thusa ho ntlafatsa letlalo la letlalo, e etsa hore letlalo le bonahale le tiile 'me le le bacha haholoanyane.
3. Kalafo ea Lihloba
◊ Thepa ea Antibacterial: Mandelic acid e na le thepa ea antibacteria e thusang ho fokotsa libaktheria tse bakang makhopho letlalong, e etsa hore e atlehe ho alafa le ho thibela makhopho.
◊ E Fokotsa Ho ruruha: E thusa ho fokotsa ho ruruha le bofubelu bo amanang le makhopho, ho khothalletsa letlalo le hlakileng.
◊ Unclogs Pores: Mandelic acid e thusa ho notlolla masoba ka ho tlosa lisele tse shoeleng tsa letlalo le oli e ngata, ho fokotsa ho hlaha ha lihlooho tse ntšo le tse tšoeu.
4. Hyperpigmentation le Letlalo le Khanyang
◊ E Fokotsa Hyperpigmentation: Mandelic acid e ka thusa ho fokotsa hyperpigmentation, matheba a lefifi le melasma ka ho thibela tlhahiso ea melanin, 'mala o ikarabellang bakeng sa' mala oa letlalo.
◊ Evens Skin Tone: Tšebeliso ea kamehla e ka etsa hore letlalo le be le letlalo le khanyang haholoanyane.
5. E Ntlafatsa Sebopeho sa Letlalo
◊ Letlalo le Boreleli: Ka ho khothaletsa ho ntšoa ha lisele tsa letlalo le shoeleng le ho khothaletsa phetoho ea lisele, asiti ea mandelic e thusa ho thethefatsa letlalo le boreleli.
◊ Refines Pores: Mandelic acid e ka thusa ho fokotsa ponahalo ea li-pores tse atolositsoeng, ho fa letlalo ponahalo e hloekileng le e bentšitsoeng.
6. Hydration
◊ Ho boloka Mongobo: Asiti ea Mandelic e thusa ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba letlalo ba ho boloka mongobo, e lebisang ho phallo e ntle ea metsi le ponahalo e ntle haholoanyane.
7. Tokiso ea Tšenyo ea Letsatsi
◊E Fokotsa Tšenyo ea Letsatsi: Mandelic acid e ka thusa ho lokisa letlalo le sentsoeng ke letsatsi ka ho khothaletsa phetoho ea lisele le ho fokotsa ponahalo ea matheba a letsatsi le mefuta e meng ea hyperpigmentation e bakoang ke ho pepesehela UV.
• Likopo TsaMandelic acid?
1. Lihlahisoa tsa Skincare
◊Bahloeki
Lisebelisoa tsa Sefahleho: Mandelic acid e sebelisoa ho hloekisa sefahleho ho fana ka mokelikeli o bonolo le ho hloekisa ka botebo, ho thusa ho tlosa lisele tse shoeleng tsa letlalo, oli e feteletseng le litšila.
Toners
Exfoliating Toners: Mandelic acid e kenyelelitsoe ho toner ho thusa ho leka-lekanya pH ea letlalo, ho fana ka exfoliation e bonolo, le ho lokisa letlalo bakeng sa mehato e latelang ea tlhokomelo ea letlalo.
◊Li-serum
Litlhare Tse Lebeletsoeng: Li-serum tsa Mandelic acid li tumme bakeng sa kalafo e lebisitsoeng ea makhopho, hyperpigmentation le matšoao a botsofali. Li-serum tsena li fana ka litekanyetso tse ngata tsa mandelic acid letlalong bakeng sa ho sebetsa hantle haholo.
◊Li-moisturizers
Li-Hydrating Creams: Ka linako tse ling asiti ea Mandelic e kenyelelitsoe ho li-moisturizers ho fana ka exfoliation e bonolo ha e ntse e futhumatsa letlalo, e ntlafatsa sebopeho le molumo.
◊Makhapetla
Lik'hemik'hale tsa Lik'hemik'hale: Makhapetla a mandelic acid a profeshenale a sebelisoa bakeng sa exfoliation e matla le ho nchafatsa letlalo. Li-peel tsena li thusa ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa letlalo, ho fokotsa hyperpigmentation le ho phekola makhopho.
2. Phekolo ea Dermatological
◊Kalafo ea Makhopho
Litharollo tsa Lihlooho: Mandelic acid e sebelisoa litharollong tsa lihlooho le phekolo ea li-acne ka lebaka la thepa ea eona ea antibacteria le bokhoni ba ho fokotsa ho ruruha le ho koala likoti.
◊Hyperpigmentation
Mahlaseli a Khanyang: Mandelic acid e sebelisoa ho phekola hyperpigmentation, melasma le matheba a lefifi. E thusa ho thibela tlhahiso ea melanin le ho etsa hore letlalo le be le bonolo haholoanyane.
◊Khahlanong le Botsofali
Litlhare Tse Khahlanong le Botsofali: Mandelic acid e kenyelelitsoe liphekolong tse thibelang botsofali ho fokotsa ponahalo ea mela e metle le makukuno, ho ntlafatsa ho tenyetseha ha letlalo, le ho khothaletsa tlhahiso ea collagen.
3. Mekhoa ea Litlolo
◊Lik'hemik'hale Peels
Professional Peels: Lingaka tsa letlalo le litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea letlalo li sebelisa mandelic acid ho peeling ea lik'hemik'hale ho fana ka exfoliation e tebileng, ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa letlalo, le ho phekola mathata a fapaneng a letlalo joalo ka makhopho, hyperpigmentation le matšoao a botsofali.
◊Microneedling
Monyetla o Matlafalitsoeng: Mandelic acid e ka sebelisoa hammoho le mekhoa ea microneedling ho matlafatsa ho monya ha asiti le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea eona ea ho phekola mathata a letlalo.
4. Likopo tsa Bongaka
◊Phekolo ea Likokoana-hloko
Lithibela-mafu tsa Topical: Mandelic acid e na le thepa ea antibacteria e etsa hore e be molemo kalafong ea li-topical bakeng sa ts'oaetso ea baktheria ea letlalo le maemo.
◊Pholiso ea Leqeba
Melaetsa ea Pholiso: Ka linako tse ling asiti ea Mandelic e sebelisoa mefuteng e etselitsoeng ho khothaletsa pholiso ea maqeba le ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšoaetso.
5. Lihlahisoa tsa Tlhokomelo ea Moriri
◊Kalafo ea Letlalo
Phekolo ea ho Exfoliating Letlalo:Asiti ea Mandelice sebelisoa liphekolong tsa letlalo la hlooho ho ntša lisele tse shoeleng tsa letlalo, ho fokotsa dandruff, le ho khothaletsa tikoloho e phetseng hantle ea letlalo la hlooho.
6. Lihlahisoa tsa Tlhokomelo ea Molomo
◊Tse hlapang molomo
Likokoana-hloko tsa Molomo: Mandelic acid e na le thepa ea antibacteria e etsa hore e be motsoako o ka sebelisoang ho hlatsoa melomo e etselitsoeng ho fokotsa libaktheria tsa molomo le ho ntlafatsa bohloeki ba molomo.
Lipotso Tse Amanang le Ena U ka li Thahasella:
♦ Litla-morao tsaasiti ea mandelic?
Le hoja asiti ea mandelic ka kakaretso e bolokehile ebile e mamelloa hantle, e ka baka litla-morao tse kang ho teneha ha letlalo, ho omella, ho eketseha ha kutlo ea letsatsi, ho hanana le maikutlo le hyperpigmentation. Ho fokotsa likotsi tsena, etsa tlhahlobo ea patch, qala ka ho tsepamisa mohopolo o tlase, sebelisa setlolo sa hydrating, sebelisa setlolo se sireletsang letsatsi letsatsi le leng le le leng, 'me u qobe ho senya ho feta tekano. Haeba u e-na le litla-morao tse phehellang kapa tse matla, buisana le ngaka ea letlalo bakeng sa keletso ea motho ka mong.
♦ Mokhoa oa ho Sebelisa Mandelic Acid
Mandelic acid ke alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) e feto-fetohang e ka kenyelletsoang kemisong ea hau ea tlhokomelo ea letlalo ho rarolla mathata a fapaneng a letlalo joalo ka makhopho, hyperpigmentation le matšoao a botsofali. Mona ke tataiso e felletseng ea ho sebelisa asiti ea mandelic ka nepo le ka polokeho:
1. Ho Khetha Sehlahisoa se Nepahetseng
Mefuta ea Lihlahisoa
Lihloeki: Lihloeki tsa Mandelic acid li fana ka exfoliation e bonolo le tlhoekiso e tebileng. Li loketse tšebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi.
Li-Toner: Li-exfoliating toner tse nang le mandelic acid li thusa ho leka-lekanya pH ea letlalo le ho fana ka exfoliation e bonolo. Li ka sebelisoa letsatsi le letsatsi kapa makhetlo a 'maloa ka beke, ho itšetlehile ka mamello ea letlalo la hao.
Li-Serum: Li-serum tsa Mandelic acid li fana ka kalafo e matla bakeng sa mathata a itseng a letlalo. Hangata li sebelisoa hanngoe kapa habeli ka letsatsi.
Li-Moisturizers: Li-moisturizer tse ling li na le asiti ea mandelic ho fana ka hydration le exfoliation e bonolo.
Makhapetla: Makhapetla a profeshenale a mandelic acid a matla ho feta 'me a lokela ho sebelisoa tlas'a tataiso ea dermatologist kapa setsebi sa skincare.
2. Ho Kenyelletsa Mandelic Acid Kemisong ea Hao
Tataiso ea Mohato ka Mohato
◊Tlhoekiso
Sebelisa Sehloekisi se Bonolo: Qala ka sehloekisi se bonolo, se sa tloseng ho tlosa litšila, oli le litlolo.
Ho ikhethela: Haeba u sebelisa aasiti ea mandeliccleanser, ena e ka ba mohato oa hau oa pele. Tlotsa ntho e hloekisang letlalong le mongobo, silila ka bonolo, 'me ue hlatsoe hantle.
◊Toning
Sebelisa Toner: Haeba u sebelisa mandelic acid toner, e sebelise ka mor'a ho hloekisa. Koahela letlapa la k'hothone ka toner 'me ue suthele holim'a sefahleho sa hau, u qobe sebaka sa mahlo. E lumelle ho monya ka botlalo pele o fetela mohatong o latelang.
◊Sesebelisoa sa Serum
Sebelisa Serum: Haeba u sebelisa serum ea mandelic acid, sebelisa marotholi a seng makae sefahlehong le molaleng. Tšoara serum ka bonolo letlalong la hao, u qobe sebaka sa mahlo. E lumelle ho monya ka botlalo.
◊Mongobo
Sebelisa Moisturizer: Latela ka setlolo sa hydrating ho notlela mongobo le ho thoba letlalo. Haeba moisturizer ea hau e na le mandelic acid, e tla fana ka melemo e meng ea exfoliation.
◊Tšireletso ea Letsatsi
Sebelisa Setlolo sa Letsatsi: Asiti ea Mandelic e ka eketsa kutlo ea letlalo la hau ho letsatsi. Ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa setlolo se sireletsang letlalo letsatsing se nang le bonyane SPF 30 hoseng ho hong le ho hong, esita le matsatsing a maru.
3. Khafetsa ea Tšebeliso
◊Tšebeliso ea Letsatsi le Letsatsi
Lihloeki le Toner: Tsena li ka sebelisoa letsatsi le letsatsi, ho latela mamello ea letlalo la hau. Qala ka letsatsi le leng le le leng 'me butle-butle u eketsehe ho sebelisoa letsatsi le leng le le leng haeba letlalo la hao le khona ho sebetsana le lona.
Li-Serum: Qala ka hang ka letsatsi, haholo-holo mantsiboea. Haeba letlalo la hao le e mamella hantle, o ka eketseha ho fihlela habeli ka letsatsi.
◊Tšebeliso ea beke le beke
Peels: Makhapetla a mandelic acid a setsebi a lokela ho sebelisoa khafetsa, hangata hang ka libeke tse ling le tse ling tse 1-4, ho itšetlehile ka mahloriso le mamello ea letlalo la hao. Kamehla latela tataiso ea setsebi sa skincare.
4. Patch Testing
Teko ea Patch: Pele o kenyelletsa mandelic acid kemisong ea hau, etsa tlhahlobo ea patch ho netefatsa hore ha u na karabelo e mpe. Sebelisa sehlahisoa se senyenyane sebakeng se masene, joalo ka ka mor'a tsebe ea hau kapa ka forearm ea hau e ka hare, 'me u eme lihora tse 24-48 ho hlahloba matšoao leha e le afe a ho teneha.
5. Ho kopanya le Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa Skincare
◊Metsoako e Lumellanang
Hyaluronic Acid: E fana ka hydration le lipara hantle leasiti ea mandelic.
Niacinamide: E thusa ho thoba letlalo le ho fokotsa ho ruruha, ho e etsa motsoalle ea molemo oa mandelic acid.
◊Metsoako ea ho Qoba
Li-Exfoliants tse ling: Qoba ho sebelisa li-AHA tse ling, BHAs (joaloka salicylic acid), kapa li-exfoliants tsa 'mele ka letsatsi le le leng ho thibela ho feta-exfoliation le ho teneha.
Retinoids: Ho sebelisa retinoids le mandelic acid hammoho ho ka eketsa kotsi ea ho teneha. Haeba u li sebelisa ka bobeli, nahana ka ho fapanyetsana matsatsi kapa ho buisana le ngaka ea letlalo bakeng sa keletso ea motho ka mong.
6. Tlhokomelo le ho Fetolana
◊Sheba Letlalo la Hao
Hlokomela Likarabo: Ela hloko hore na letlalo la hao le arabela joang ho mandelic acid. Haeba u e-na le bofubelu bo feteletseng, ho teneha kapa ho omella, fokotsa makhetlo a sebelisoang kapa u fetole maikutlo a tlaase.
Fetola Joalo ka ha ho Hlokahala: Skincare ha e tšoanelehe ka boholo. Fetola maqhubu le khatello ea mandelic acid ho latela litlhoko le mamello ea letlalo la hau.
Nako ea poso: Sep-24-2024
