In recent years, NMN, which has become popular all over the world, has occupied too many hot searches. How much do you know about NMN? Today, we will focus on introducing NMN, which is loved by everyone.
● What is NMN ?
NMN is called β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, or NMN for short. NMN has two diastereomers: α and β. Studies have found that only β-type NMN has biological activity. Structurally, the molecule is composed of nicotinamide, ribose, and phosphate.
NMN is one of the precursors of NAD+. In other words, the core effect of NMN is achieved through conversion into NAD+. As we age, the level of NAD+ in the human body gradually decreases.
In the 2018 Aging Biology Research Compilation, two core mechanisms of human aging were summarized:
1. Damage caused by oxidative stress (symptoms manifest as various diseases)
2. Decreased levels of NAD+ in cells
A large number of academic achievements in NAD+ anti-aging research by the world's top scientists support the conclusion that increasing NAD+ levels can improve health quality in many aspects and delay aging.
● What’s The Health Benefits of NMN ?
1.Increase NAD+ content
NAD+ is an important substance for maintaining the functioning of the body. It exists in all cells and participates in thousands of physiological reactions in the body. More than 500 enzymes in the human body require NAD+.
From the figure, we can see that the benefits of supplementing NAD+ to various organs include improving the health of the brain and nervous system, liver and kidney, blood vessels, heart, lymphatic tissue, reproductive organs, pancreas, adipose tissue, and muscles.
In 2013, a research team led by Professor David Sinclair of Harvard Medical School proved through experiments that after oral administration of NMN for one week, the NAD+ level in 22-month-old mice increased, and the key biochemical indicators related to mitochondrial homeostasis and muscle function were restored to the state of young mice equivalent to 6 months old.
2. Activate SIR proteins
Research in the past 20 years has found that Sirtuins play a major regulatory role in almost all cell functions, affecting physiological processes such as inflammation, cell growth, circadian rhythm, energy metabolism, neuronal function and stress resistance.
Sirtuins are often referred to as the longevity protein family, which is a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylase proteins.
In 2019, Professor Kane A E of the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and others discovered that NMN is an important precursor for the synthesis of NAD+ in the body. After NMN increases the level of NAD+ in cells, many of its beneficial effects (such as improving metabolism, protecting cardiovascular system, etc.) are achieved by activating Sirtuins.
3. Repair DNA damage
addition to affecting the activity of Sirtuins, the level of NAD+ in the body is also an important substrate for the DNA repair enzyme PARPs (poly ADP-ribose polymerase).
4. Promote metabolism
Metabolism is a collection of chemical reactions that maintain life in organisms, allowing them to grow and reproduce, maintain their structure, and respond to the environment. Metabolism is a process in which organisms continuously exchange substances and energy. Once it stops, the life of the organism will end. Professor Anthony of the University of California and his team found that NAD+ metabolism has become a potential treatment for improving aging-related diseases and extending human health and lifespan.
5. Promote blood vessel regeneration and maintain blood vessel elasticity
Blood vessels are essential tissues for transporting oxygen and nutrients, processing carbon dioxide and metabolites, and regulating body temperature. As we age, blood vessels gradually lose their flexibility, become hard, thick, and narrow, causing "arteriosclerosis."
In 2020, a study by some PhD students from Zhejiang University of Technology in China, including Sh, found that after oral administration of NMN to depressed mice, the symptoms of depression were alleviated by increasing NAD+ levels, activating Sirtuin 3, and improving mitochondrial energy metabolism in the hippocampus and liver cells of the mice's brains.
6. Protect heart health
The heart is the most important organ in the human body and is essential for maintaining heart function. The decline in NAD+ levels is related to the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. A large number of basic studies have also shown that supplementing coenzyme I can benefit heart disease models.
7. Maintain brain health
Neurovascular dysfunction can cause early vascular and neurodegenerative cognitive damage. Maintaining neurovascular function is important for preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
Risk factors such as diabetes, midlife hypertension, midlife obesity, physical inactivity and smoking are all associated with vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
8. Improve insulin sensitivity
Insulin sensitivity describes the degree of insulin resistance. The lower the insulin sensitivity, the lower the degree of sugar breakdown.
Insulin resistance refers to the decreased sensitivity of the target organs of insulin to the action of insulin, that is, a state in which a normal dose of insulin produces a lower than normal biological effect. The main cause of type 2 diabetes is low insulin secretion and low insulin sensitivity.
NMN, as a supplement, may help improve insulin sensitivity by increasing NAD+ levels, regulating metabolic pathways, and improving mitochondrial function.
9. Help with weight management
Weight not only affects quality of life and health, but also becomes a trigger for other chronic diseases. Studies have shown that NAD precursor β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) can reverse some of the negative effects of a high-fat diet (HFD).
In 2017, Professor David Sinclair of Harvard Medical School and a research team from the Australian Medical School compared obese female mice who exercised on a treadmill for 9 weeks or were injected with NMN every day for 18 days. The results showed that NMN seemed to have a stronger effect on liver fat metabolism and synthesis than exercise.
●Safety of NMN
NMN is considered safe in animal experiments, and the results are encouraging. A total of 19 human clinical trials have been started, of which 2 have published experimental results.
A research team from the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis published an article in the top scientific journal "Science", revealing the results of the world's first human clinical trial, confirming the metabolic benefits of NMN on the human body.
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Post time: Oct-15-2024
